WORLD SCI-TECH R&D

Layout, Trends and Implications of the US Defense Industry Strategic System

SONG Yuwei, WANG Yuxin, AN Shi, WANG Jian

2025, 47(3): 273-286. doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.04.001

Asbtract ( 457 )

PDF (1224KB) ( 288 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Studying the strategic system of the US defense industry, especially the layout and trends of the defense industry strategies of the Trump administration 1.0 and the Biden administration since the great power competition, is helpful to deeply understand, systematically grasp, and comprehensively evaluate the construction and development of the US defense industry. The content analysis method and comparative research method are adopted to study the strategic documents of the US defense industry, depict the system layout and internal logic of the US defense industry strategy, and condense the focus of the Trump administration 1.0 and the Biden administration. This paper shows that the US defense industry strategic system is divided into three levels from top to bottom: the highest-level strategy, the dominant strategy, and the supporting strategy. The Trump administration 1.0 focused on strengthening the renewal of military capabilities to cope with the challenges of great power competition, enhancing nuclear deterrence and defense with the promotion of nuclear weapon modernization as a breakthrough, and deepening the governance of the defense industry with the promotion of defense acquisition reform, while the Biden administration mainly focuses on high-tech military, iterative nuclear forces, resilient supply chain and cooperation with Allies. Based on the layout and trends of the US defense industry strategic system, this paper predicts the possible strategic priorities of the Trump administration 2.0, and proposes insights and experiences that are adapted to our national defense science and technology industry development plan, providing a reference for the construction of our national defense science and technology industrial system.

Research on the Characteristics of K Program of Japanese Economic Security

LI Lanchun, HUO Chunyan, PEI Yajun

2025, 47(3): 287-298. doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.12.006

Asbtract ( 275 )

PDF (949KB) ( 251 )

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to ensure national economic security amidst complex international stituations and technological competition, Japan has established the Key and Advanced Technology R&D (K Program). Through analyzes the strategic framework and main features of the K Program from the perspective of science and technology security, and provides a reference to strengthen China’s research and development layou. Research shows that Japan’s K Program aims to ensure the strategic autonomy, indispensability and self-discipline of key technologies, select and deploy three types of technical research tasks, namely strategic frontier, support and guarantee, and defense security, from the four strategic fields of aerospace, ocean, biology, network and cross-cutting, and carry out systematic reforms on the research and development organization system. Establish a promotion system with government coordination, institutional coordination, public-private collaboration, and participation of all parties, and adopt full-cycle support, think tank strategic research, risk prevention and other guarantee mechanisms. Based on this, it is recommended that my country strengthen the government’s dominant position in the key core technology research, clarify the key core technology research direction and task condensation, and establish a sound and flexible and efficient research and development organization implementation mechanism.

Common Characteristics and Inspirations of Building Modern Industrial System among Major Economies

FENG Xuejiao, LIU Chang, WANG Jianping

2025, 47(3): 299-311. doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.11.004

Asbtract ( 271 )

PDF (945KB) ( 177 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The research on the development of a modern industrial system in the world’s major economies is an important avenue for our country to explore the path of Chinese-style modernization. By studying the similarities, differences, and experiences in the modernization of industrial structures in the world’s major developed countries, it is found that technological innovation and talent management, internal market advantages, external development opportunities, industrial policy guidance, and the development of the real economy are five common characteristics that major economies share in promoting industrial system construction. In light of these characteristics, a comparative analysis of the actual development of our country’s modern industrial system leads to the following insights: the construction of a modern industrial system in our country must adhere to the essential connotations of maintaining the centralized and unified leadership of the Party, developing the real economy, and pursuing high-quality development, while also embodying the era’s characteristics of advanced technology, synergy, and low carbon; it is recommended that our country strengthen the construction of the modern industrial system from three aspects: enhancing policy coordination, improving industrial innovation capabilities, and solidifying the real economy.

Research on the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation of China’s Quantum Computation

XU Kaiyue, LIU Yun, YOU Yu

2025, 47(3): 312-325. doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.10.002

Asbtract ( 254 )

PDF (3217KB) ( 556 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Quantum computation, an important technology that breaks through the limit of classical computation, has become a key point in the scientific and technological layout of various countries. The related research and application continue to advance globally, and the relevant bibliometric analysis of Sino-foreign cooperation papers can help us to deeply understand China’s international cooperation in this field. In this paper, we searched the relevant literature through the Web of Science database, and used visualization tools such as CiteSpace and Bibliometrix to analyze the number of Sino-foreign collaborative papers, keyword clustering, collaborative institutions, core researchers, and funding organizations. The results show that the number of publications in the field of quantum computation is generally on the rise, but the development of Sino-foreign cooperation has been restricted in recent years; the directions of cooperative research include but are not limited to quantum fundamental theory, quantum algorithmic models, and physical implementation of quantum computers, etc., and the popular directions of research are closely connected with the field of artificial intelligence; China has a number of cooperative institutions and researchers with international influence, and the cooperation funding is led by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC).In the future, China should actively deploy quantum computation at both national and international levels, and continue to deepen its efforts in the field of quantum computation.

Analysis of Evolution and Influence of Nobel Prize Scientists Mobility from the Perspective of Mobility Network

RUAN Weinan, ZHANG Zhiqiang, FENG Zhigang

2025, 47(3): 326-340. doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.10.004

Asbtract ( 241 )

PDF (3630KB) ( 106 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Since the beginning of the 21st century, global scientific and technological innovation has entered a new stage of rapid development, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating its conception and evolution, and scientific and technological competition has become the core area of the game between scientific and technological powers. S&T competition is essentially a competition for S&T talents, and Top scientists are the decisive factor in gaining the initiative in S&T competition. Policymakers and managers need to continue to look deeper into how to attract and retain scientists. Understanding the evolution and impact analysis of cross-border flow of scientists will help to provide substantial and effective support for scientific and technological talents work, and then improve China’s talent policy system. Based on the dataset of Nobel Prize scientists in natural sciences from 1945 to 2022, this paper analyzes scientists’resumes and literature records in the Scopus database to determine the flow information of scientists, constructs a network of scientists’flow trajectories, and further explores the flow process and the impact of cross-border mobility of Nobel Prize scientists. The study found that the flow of Nobel laureate scientists showed an evolutionary trend of “Multinational internal circulation flow-Gradual strengthening of convergence in the United States—United States becomes the absolute center—Gradual emergence of gravitational forces among multiple countries”. Nobel laureate scientists’cross-border flow to the United States has greatly improved the level of educational and scientific research activities in the United States, and has maintained a dominant position for a long time, until the decline occurred in 2000, and a pattern of scientist mobility has now been formed, with the United States as the center and countries are vying to strengthen their competitiveness.

The Characteristics and Typical Practice of Research Evaluation Reform in the World

CHEN Weijing, ZHANG Yu'e

2025, 47(3): 341-352. doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.11.001

Asbtract ( 266 )

PDF (1044KB) ( 160 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Based on the fact that China is in the critical period of “breaking” and “establishing” in the reform of scientific research evaluation, this paper first investigates the mainstream reform policies of the international scientific research evaluation, and summarizes the characteristics from the dimensions of evaluation content, evaluation criteria and evaluation methods. Then considering the key directions of international research evaluation reform and the practical problems in the implementation of China’s research evaluation, this paper analyzes the social impact evaluation, diversity evaluation and responsible evaluation from the perspectives of evaluation dimensions, evaluation indicators and evaluation methods. It is believed that standardizing the evaluation indicators and methods of social impact evaluation, fully recognizing different types of research activities and research achievements, adopting more open and inclusive evaluation system within the framework of comparable analysis, clarifying the principles of responsible use of quantitative indicators and establishing an application system of commonly used quantitative indicators are important ways to effectively promote the implementation of scientific research evaluation in China.

Status Quo, Trend and Enlightenment of US Defense Science and Technology Evaluation

HAO Jiying

2025, 47(3): 353-360. doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.11.003

Asbtract ( 299 )

PDF (855KB) ( 275 )

Related Articles | Metrics

National defense science and technology has become the main battlefield of great power competition. The assessment of national defense science and technology is of great importance for the major strategic needs of national security oriented defense technological innovation. This article adopts the methods of literature research and content analysis to analyze the current situation of U.S. defense science and technology assessment from the perspectives of legislation, administration, and civil society organizations, and provides reference for the improvement of national defense science and technology assessment. The study has found that the U.S. defense technology assessment system is relatively complete, which has played an important role in its defense science and technology management and innovation. In addition, the U.S. defense technology assessment is becoming more and more important, and the mathematical model is gradually included in the evaluation method system, and the diversified specialization combination is becoming the mainstream of the evaluation agency. The independence of its evaluation position, the innovation of the theoretical method of evaluation and the institutional management of the evaluation work are worth learning from.

Practice and Inspiration of Synthetic Biology Assessments in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia

MA Xueqing, ZHU Chengshu, ZHANG Xuebo, LIU Xiao, CHEN Daming, XIONG Yan

2025, 47(3): 361-371. doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.12.001

Asbtract ( 222 )

PDF (1812KB) ( 71 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Synthetic biology is driving biotechnology innovation in a disruptive manner, empowering the development of medicine, agriculture, and environmental protection. The United States (U.S.), the United Kingdom (U.K.), Australia and other countries have strengthened their strategic layout and promoted the development of this field through roadmap formulation and systematic assessment. In this paper, we systematically reviewed the assessment and outlook of the progress of synthetic/engineering biology in the U.S., U.K. and Australia. It was found that the three countries had carried out unique assessments based on their respective development goals, basically following the assessment framework of “goals-results-initiatives”, focusing on the construction of core assessment indicators of the three modules of innovation level, industrial development and basic ecological environment, and mainly using qualitative and descriptive analysis, supplemented by quantitative analysis to review and assess the progress of synthetic biology. At the same time, this paper summarized the practice of assessment of synthetic biology in China, and put forward relevant suggestions on the assessment from the aspects of assessment strategy, assessment framework and assessment method, so as to provide reference for China to build a more accurate, efficient and adaptable assessment system, and to carry out the assessment of synthetic biology and other emerging technology fields.

The American Think Tank Biosafety Research: Theme, Evolution and Enlightenment

XIE Yuheng, LI Cheng, LI Chunle

2025, 47(3): 372-388. doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.12.004

Asbtract ( 230 )

PDF (2441KB) ( 109 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Research on the biosecurity research themes and evolution trends of relevant American think tanks since the 21st century, so as to provide reference for promoting the construction of China’s biosecurity think tanks and security discourse system and improving China’s biosecurity protection and governance system. Based on the LDA-Word2vec model, taking the research outputs of six mainstream think tanks in the fields of national defense and security in the United States as samples, and using the tenure of each U.S. president as the criterion for phase division, this paper analyzes the theme identification and evolution and finds that on the basis of forming the thematic framework, the evolution process of biosecurity research by American think tanks can be divided into three evolutionary stages: theme rise and system construction, strategic development and practice deepening, technological innovation and international cooperation. Additionally, it identifies eight key paths, including public health, biological surveillance and defense. Therefore, China should strengthen the construction of domestic biosecurity think tanks and contribute Chinese wisdom; promote the forward movement of biosecurity risk prevention and control and strengthen the integration of science and technology; actively participate in international biosecurity governance and enhance its international voice; pay attention to emerging development areas of biotechnology and deepen interdisciplinary exchanges.

The Current Situation, Problems and Suggestions of China's Quantum Industry Policies

XIE Jing

2025, 47(3): 389-400. doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.03.003

Asbtract ( 328 )

PDF (1396KB) ( 279 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The quantum industry is the focus of current scientific and technological innovation, and it is also the breakthrough to lead a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. As an emerging industry, the quantum industry is in the initial stage of industrial development, and its innovation process will inevitably encounter problems such as "market failure",which requires policy guidance and support. This paper uses the content analysis method and social network analysis method to identify the distribution characteristics of quantum industry policies, and analyze its current situation and problems based on the three-dimensional analysis framework of policy tools, policy objects and policy strength. The results show that the use of policy tools in China's quantum industry policy system is diverse but lacks balance, the policies covers a wide range of objects but lack of coordination, and the average policy strength grows steadily but the overall strength is weak. Therefore, this paper puts forward to increase the number of demand-side policy tools, optimize the structure of supply-side and environment-side policy tools, strengthen policy pertinence and coordination, and improve the legislative construction of quantum industry in order to advance the high quality development of China's quantum industry.

Archive