Abstract: In order to ensure national economic security amidst complex international stituations and technological competition, Japan has established the Key and Advanced Technology R&D (K Program). Through analyzes the strategic framework and main features of the K Program from the perspective of science and technology security, and provides a reference to strengthen China’s research and development layou. Research shows that Japan’s K Program aims to ensure the strategic autonomy, indispensability and self-discipline of key technologies, select and deploy three types of technical research tasks, namely strategic frontier, support and guarantee, and defense security, from the four strategic fields of aerospace, ocean, biology, network and cross-cutting, and carry out systematic reforms on the research and development organization system. Establish a promotion system with government coordination, institutional coordination, public-private collaboration, and participation of all parties, and adopt full-cycle support, think tank strategic research, risk prevention and other guarantee mechanisms. Based on this, it is recommended that my country strengthen the government’s dominant position in the key core technology research, clarify the key core technology research direction and task condensation, and establish a sound and flexible and efficient research and development organization implementation mechanism.

Key words: Scientific and Technological Security; National Security; Key and Advanced Technology R&D; Economic Security; Organizational Mechanisms; Japan