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Strategic Layout and Future Prospects of Artificial Intelligence in Global Perspective QI Shuo LI Shixin YANG Yimeng WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (4): 442-455.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.07.010 Abstract （310）      PDF（pc） （1015KB）（309）       Knowledge map    Save With the rapid development of information technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a crucial force driving a new wave of technological revolution and industrial transformation. Major countries and regions worldwide have begun making and implementing AI strategies to take the lead in this burgeoning field. The United States government is comprehensively deploying to promote the development of AI to maintain its global leadership; the European Union emphasizes ethical standards, data privacy protection, and AI regulation; the government leads China’s AI strategy, and it is rapidly advancing the technology application and industrial integration, and the rest of the world has also introduced a series of development plans to support AI based on their own national conditions. This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of AI strategic layouts of the world’s major economies from a global perspective and to forecast future strategic deployments of AI. By examining the AI strategies of these leading economies and integrating the latest AI advancements, this paper seeks to provide valuable reference and inspiration for policymakers in the AI field. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Global AI Standardisation Progress and Suggestions for China’s Development QIN Minghao XU Huifang WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (4): 524-535.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.07.009 Abstract （225）      PDF（pc） （1326KB）（1378）       Knowledge map    Save The current state of competition in the field of artificial intelligence is characterised by a high level of intensity. The major global powers have elevated the development of artificial intelligence to the status of national strategy, and numerous countries and international standard organisations have adopted a proactive approach to promoting the standardization strategy of artificial intelligence. This paper further analyses the distribution of the 355 global AI standards in terms of their standard-setting organisations, coverage of standard topics, types of standards, scope of standards, and distribution of standard fields based on the standardisation strategies of the US, the EU, the UK and China in recent years. The study reveals that global AI standardization is developing at a rapid pace, with countries formulating distinctive standardisation strategies in alignment with their respective levels of technological advancement; the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) occupies a pivotal role in this process, while other organisations exert Specific areas are subject to particular influence; at present, standardisation efforts are concentrated on ensuring the safety, stability and data governance norms of technological systems; the majority of AI standards focus on horizontal domains, covering fundamentalissues such as general technology, ethics and safety. In light of the study’s findings, four recommendations are put forth to advance China’s AI standardisation efforts: (1) enhance China’s AI legal framework; (2) reinforce international collaboration and proactively shape international AI standards; (3) establish AI standard organisations; and (4) clarify the AI standardisation landscape in the country, capitalise on its strengths, and address its shortcomings. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Competitive Situation and Enlightenment of Key Technologies of Global Satellite Internet YUAN Ye, WANG Xuecong, ZHU Hao, SUN Sanshan WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (5): 575-585.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.04.001 Abstract （221）      PDF（pc） （2271KB）（144）       Knowledge map    Save At present, the world is carrying out a new round of space race around the construction of satellite Internet system, in which LEO satellite communication is the prevailing focus of world powers in the field of space-based information systems after satellite navigation. Studying the key technologies of satellite Internet is of great significance in promoting the progress of satellite and communication technology, addressing global challenges, and leading future development. In this paper, by constructing the key technology system of satellite internet, retrieving patent data, comprehensively analyze the competitive situation of key technologies of satellite internet from the dimensions of technology development trend, technology competition subject, technology competition region and technology competition field. The study found that the development of satellite Internet in China has many problems, such as late start, lack of industrial clusters, low patent conversion rate, and insufficient scenario application. The development strategies are summarized as followings: Anticipate cutting-edge technologies and lay out future technologies to seize emerging cutting-edge fields. Strengthen the research and development of key core technologies, and establish innovative association. Strengthen the deep integration of industry, academia, and research, and build industrial ecological clusters. Highlight the integration of communication, navigation, and remote communication, and create diversified application scenarios. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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International Comparison and Inspiration of Artificial Intelligence Regulatory Policies and Measures WANG Kaile CHEN Yunwei XIONG Yonglan WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (4): 456-468.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.07.007 Abstract （187）      PDF（pc） （855KB）（119）       Knowledge map    Save With the rapid development of technology, artificial intelligence is becoming an important gripper for industrial innovation and a driving force for new quality productivity. However, technological progress also brings challenges, such as ethical and security issues. The security and controllability of artificial intelligence technology are important components of technological security, effective governance and regulation of artificial intelligence have become a global consensus, and the European Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom have taken the lead in artificial intelligence regulation internationally. This article systematically reviews the development of artificial intelligence regulatory measures in three regions from a policy perspective and compares their distinctive practices in regulatory agency settings, scope, and paths. Research has found that the European Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom have their own unique regulatory models, but there are also regulatory commonalities and common trends. Based on this, countermeasures and suggestions for artificial intelligence regulation are proposed for China to provide a decision-making reference for formulating artificial intelligence regulatory strategies. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Characteristics of Global Military Production, Development Dynamics and Policy Implications under Military Science and Technology Development Trends GUO Weidong, DU Debin, YI Xinlei, GAO Qin WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (5): 605-615.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.04.002 Abstract （170）      PDF（pc） （854KB）（219）       Knowledge map    Save As an integral part of the international political system and an important element of national comprehensive power in the era of high-tech warfare, is profoundly influencing and shaping the new world order through the evolution of its production patterns and characteristics. Trends in the development of world military science and technology, production characteristics and formation mechanisms of the global military industry are analysed by means of a systematic review methodology and by consulting data related to global military producers and revenues from the SIPRI arms industry database. At present, military science and technology is accelerating the evolution of information technology and intelligence, space weapons and disruptive military science and technology have become the high point for all countries to compete, global military production has formed a pattern of only super power and multi-great power, the United States leads the world’s military science and technology development trend and occupies the absolute advantage in the current military science and technology field, the defense industrial base, military needs, economic interests and political goals are the main factors affecting the development of military science and technology. Under the new situation, China should be based on the characteristics of information-based warfare, promote the mechanization of military science and technology, information technology, intelligent integration and development; seize the opportunity of the scientific and technological revolution, accelerate the research and application of disruptive military science and technology, and deepen the reform of the national defense science and technology industry to form a pattern of in-depth development of military-civilian integration. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Characteristics of AI Empowering Scientific Research and Study on Trends in Policy and Management YANG Guang LI Xiaoxuan XIAO Xiaoxi WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (4): 483-496.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.07.008 Abstract （166）      PDF（pc） （1174KB）（221）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, AI has impacted the traditional scientific research paradigm and produced dazzling achievements that the existing paradigms could not reach. Promoting the application of AI in scientific research is an important topic in current science and technology management. This paper analyzes the basic characteristics of AI empowerment in scientific research from two dimensions. From the dimension of the research paradigm, it is found that AI improves the efficiency of data utilization, empowering the empirical paradigm; AI enhances the construction of theoretical models, empowering the theoretical paradigm; AI better fits the parameters of complex systems, empowering the simulation paradigm; and AI has the capability to process massive data, empowering the data-driven paradigm. From the dimension of the scientific research process, it is discovered that AI empowers every link of scientific research and each link iterates and progresses due to the advancement of AI capabilities. Based on this, the paper further summarizes the international trends in policies and management to promote the development of AI4S, the challenges faced by China in the development of AI4S, and provides insights for our country. China needs to strengthen strategic research and macro-planning related to AI4S, increase policy and financial support, promote international exchange and cooperation in the AI4S field, and provide research support for the orderly development of AI4S in China. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis on the Development Trend of Global Optical Chips ZHU Yuexian, ZHANG Xian, LI Yan, LI Jie, LIN Xinzhu, TANG Xinyu, LUO Yihan, LU Huisheng, GAI Shuang WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (6): 705-719.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.10.003 Abstract （158）      PDF（pc） （2932KB）（213）       Knowledge map    Save Optical chips are the infrastructure and core support of the new generation of information industry in the future. This paper focused on the field of optical chips, using the method of "direction - positioning - path", clarified the foundation and conditions for the development of optical chips through the analysis of industrial environment, industrial status, patent situation and layout. The paper grasped the forward-looking layout of future technology and industrialization based on research and expert consultation, and identified the future development direction. On this basis, the paper analyzed the opportunities, risks and challenges in the development of optical chips in China, and put forward corresponding suggestions for intellectual property development: (1) Echelon layout planning for future industrial development, in the hot fields such as high-speed optical chips, automotive lidar chip, silicon optoelectronic chip and VCSEL laser chip, we need strengthen and complement chain, break through key technologies. In the prospective application fields such as optical computing, optical quantum, we need actively guide industrial layout. (2) Build an intellectual property service platform of optical chips industry which cover the whole cycle of the innovation chain. (3) Strengthen the overseas patent layout in the field of optical chips. (4) Guide optical chips innovation entities to build multidimensional intellectual property protection strategies. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the Influencing factors of Patent Jungle of New Energy Vehicle Battery Technology in China HU Hairong, XU Tian WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (5): 690-701.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.07.001 Abstract （142）      PDF（pc） （1052KB）（77）       Knowledge map    Save The patent jungle is an important factor affecting the development of China’s new energy vehicle battery technology, and the new energy vehicle industry can only promote technological innovation and win market competitiveness by crossing the patent jungle. Through the analysis of the formation mechanism of the patent jungle, this paper constructs a new index system of influencing factors, and analyzes the influencing factors of the partial least squares method used in new energy vehicle battery patents from 2000 to 2022. The results show that the selected seven indicators have a positive and significant promotion effect on the patent jungle of new energy vehicle battery technology in China, among which the number of cited patents and patent life are very significant, and the number of patents for cooperative research and development, the number of patent collaborators, the number of IPC classification symbols, the number of patents in the same family and the number of claims are generally significant. In this regard, it is suggested that new energy vehicle enterprises should establish a patent navigation and early warning mechanism and strengthen patent citation analysis. Selection of partners and scope of cooperation to facilitate technology sharing; Promote the optimization of patent layout strategy and optimize the patent maintenance fee mechanism; Implement the patent concentration strategy to ensure that new energy vehicle enterprises promote technological innovation and win market competitiveness. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of China-Singapore’s Scientific & Technological Innovation (STI) Strength and Cooperation from the Analytical Perspective of Scientific and Technological Evaluation SHEN Yunyi, MENG Fanchao, HAN Bingyang, REN Xiaoping WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (5): 664-676.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.03.002 Abstract （139）      PDF（pc） （955KB）（584）       Knowledge map    Save Singapore is an important neighbor of China. Singapore posses not only a strong innovation strength, a world leading talent competitiveness, but also retains the best innovation ecological environment in the region, and plays a prominent role in conducting the “Belt and Road” Initiative. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Singapore in 1990, the cooperation between the two countries in the fields of trade, finance, investment and scientific & technological innovation(STI) has deepened. China and Singapore have a bilateral cooperation mechanism at a Deputy Prime Minister level, and three government-built projects in Suzhou, Tianjin and Chongqing respectively, as well as a national-level project of Guangzhou Knowledge City. China and Singapore are perspective, strategic and exemplary in their relations. The economy as well as science and technology(S&T) of China and Singapore are highly complementary, which provided a wide scope for high-quality cooperation between the two sides. In this paper, bibliometrics, case study and data analysis were used to summarize the competitiveness in STI of China and Singapore, from the aspects of innovation capability, talent competitiveness and innovation ecological environment. Meanwhile, the progress and current situation of China-Singapore in terms of high-level exchanges, national projects, personnel exchange and training, as well as the scientific research cooperation were also analyzed. Relevant policy suggestions for the next step of promoting China-Singapore allround STI cooperation in the future was eventually put forward. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of Global Hydrogen Energy Industry Technological Innovation Trends from Patent Perspective YANG Xinyu LI Zhao CAO Fengxia WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (3): 426-437.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.02.001 Abstract （138）      PDF（pc） （1167KB）（220）       Knowledge map    Save Hydrogen energy, as a strategic emerging industry and future industry in China, has become an important part of the new quality production forces. Based on the data of hydrogen energy industry invention patents disclosed in the past 20 years, this paper comprehensively analyzes the innovation trend of hydrogen energy industry patents from dimensions such as patent publication trends, industry chain distribution, regional distribution, innovation subjects, and key technologies. The results show that the global hydrogen energy industry is in a rapid development stage, with China showing strong momentum. In the global hydrogen energy industry, invention patents are primarily concentrated in the middle of the industry chain, while in China, they are mainly concentrated in the upstream of the industry chain, with the middle and downstream relatively weak. China, Japan, and the United States are the main battlegrounds for patent layouts in the hydrogen energy industry, with China becoming the country with the most invention patents in the global hydrogen energy industry layout. Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, and Jiangsu rank among the top tier of China in terms of the number of invention patents in the hydrogen energy industry. The automotive and electrical giants in Japan, South Korea, and other countries are leading the global hydrogen energy industry in technological innovation, and China is represented by research institutes, enterprises, and universities such as the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sinopec and Tsinghua University. Hydrogen production via water electrolysis, high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, bipolar plates, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are hotspots for patent layouts in the hydrogen energy industry. Finally, based on the patent analysis results, suggestions are proposed to accelerate the innovation development of China’s hydrogen energy industry and cultivate new quality production forces in the hydrogen energy sector. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Preface to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence HONG Xuehai WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (4): 439-441.   Abstract （129）      PDF（pc） （632KB）（286）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Ethical Risks and Responsible Innovation Governance of Generative Artificial Intelligence Technology HE Wei WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (4): 548-559.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.06.001 Abstract （129）      PDF（pc） （846KB）（1291）       Knowledge map    Save Generative artificial intelligence has made breakthroughs, begun to show intelligent features and has become more creative in recent years. It can not only generate text but also generate audio, video, pictures, code, and so on. The intelligent creative generation capability of generative artificial intelligence is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it can bring positive effects such as productivity improvement, transformation of production relations, and transformation and upgrading of different industries. On the other hand, it may also bring ethical risks such as data security and privacy leakage, gender and racial discrimination, academic plagiarism, and the dissolution of human subjectivity. The purpose of responsible innovation is to provide “morally acceptable, socially satisfactory, and developmentally sustainable” solutions for major social risks brought by technological innovation and provide an ethical governance path for addressing the risks brought by generative artificial intelligence innovation. Embedding the four dimensions of responsible innovation-expectation, reflection, negotiation, and feedback the iterative upgrading and practical application process of generative artificial intelligence can promote its healthy and sustainable development. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Overview of Major Biosafety Policies and Initiatives in the US, UK and EU in the Post-COVID World ZHU Xiaoli HUANG Cui WANG Li ZHANG Ji LIANG Huigang WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (3): 287-305.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.01.003 Abstract （126）      PDF（pc） （980KB）（427）       Knowledge map    Save The COVID-19 pandemic brought shock waves through the world. Strengthening biosafety capabilities has become a highly important issue for all countries in the post-pandemic era. The article summarized a series of initiatives that the United States (US), the United Kingdom(UK) and the European Union(EU) have launched intensively during the pandemic, involving strategic actions, institutional reforms, capacity building, etc. In general, the US, UK and EU have increased strategic investment in biosafety, seeking technological changes to maintain situational awareness of biological threats, and strengthen medical defense capabilities, such as diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics. Notably, the US, UK, and EU have established permanent pandemic coordination and response agencies. In addition, the US, UK and the EU have been trying to release innovative incentives for the markets to deal with the serious risks caused by insufficient R&D pipelines against antimicrobial resistance, beyond increasing the R&D investments. These policies and initiatives of the US, UK and EU are instructive for China, and we need to establish a more comprehensive biosafety strategy with active investment to be prepared for future risks. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Development Trends of Patent Technology Themes in the Field of Medical Artificial Intelligence ZHOU Junru LIU Zhiyong WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (4): 497-510.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.09.001 Abstract （115）      PDF（pc） （1412KB）（2134）       Knowledge map    Save The text mining of patent texts in the field of medical artificial intelligence (AI) from 1971 to 2022 reveals the content and evolution trend of its technical topics, and analyzes the hot spots and development trends of technology research and development, which is helpful to provide reference and reference for scientific researchers in the context of technological development, and then for future research and application. In this paper, 14184 patent data related to the field of medical artificial intelligence in the Derwent patent database are obtained, and the data is cleaned, and it is divided into three stages (embryonic stage, development stage, and rapid development stage) based on the life cycle theory. Subsequently, the BERTopic topic model was used to identify the subject of patent texts, and the evolution of technical topics was analyzed by calculating the semantic similarity between technical topic pairs and topic filtering. The results showed that a total of 5 embryonic themes, 9 development themes, and 29 rapid development topics were identified, indicating that medical artificial intelligence technology is in the rapid development stage. Foundational technologies such as signal processing and analysis, image processing and computer vision, and data mining emerged during the early and development stages, gradually maturing during the development and rapid development stages, leading to the formation of specialized technological domains. Both demand and technological advancements drove the differentiation of foundational technologies. The convergence of technologies is expected to generate novel advancements. Medical artificial intelligence technology is currently in a rapid stage of development. Finally, it is proposed that the research and innovation of basic and key technologies in the field of medical artificial intelligence should be strengthened in the future, and the technical issues behind the important practical needs in the field of medical artificial intelligence should be continuously paid attention to help technological innovation. Additionally, the significance of technological convergence and development in the field of medical AI should be emphasized, encouraging multidisciplinary teams comprising researchers from various fields, to lay the foundation for promoting deep integration and multidimensional exploration of interdisciplinary technologies at the forefront. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis and Implications from the First Global Stocktake Report Series towards the Paris Agreement Goals TENG Fei SUN Yuling QU Jiansheng WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (3): 277-286.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.12.001 Abstract （113）      PDF（pc） （1606KB）（182）       Knowledge map    Save Based on seven series of reports recently released by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the International Energy Agency, and the International Renewable Energy Agency, a comprehensive analysis is firstly conducted on the overall progress of global climate action, the transformation of energy systems, and emission reduction progress in critical industries. The Doc_LDA topic model is used for text mining to reveal six key themes essential to achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement: renewable energy and energy efficiency, diversified innovation, carbon emission reduction in critical areas, policy, critical minerals, and international cooperation. The analysis delves further into the problems and gaps in the global climate action process, suggesting directions for future action. Lastly, focusing on China’s fulfillment of the Paris Agreement targets, four enlightening recommendations are proposed: 1) Strengthen the enforcement of climate policies and formulate relevant strategies according to local conditions; 2) Increase investment in climate change-related technology research and development and accelerate the innovation and commercialization of low-carbon technologies; 3) Build a comprehensive climate finance mechanism and standards, and strengthen the deployment of risk management measures; 4) Actively participate in international policy dialogues and cooperation to jointly promote the development and improvement of the global climate governance system. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Thematic Analysis and Evolution Process of U.S. Defense Artificial Intelligence Strategy ZHAO Chengcheng WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (4): 469-482.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.11.003 Abstract （113）      PDF（pc） （876KB）（142）       Knowledge map    Save In the face of a series of AI strategic initiatives initiated by the US Department of Defense, identifying the themes and evolutionary characteristics of the US defense AI strategy based on the perspective of text mining can provide a more objective understanding of the substantive intent of the US defense AI strategy and provide a reference for China’s defense AI strategic planning. Firstly, the theme of US defense AI strategy (2018-2022) through high-frequency by unstructured Text mining tools. Secondly, the evolution characteristics of the US defense AI strategy were observed, by drawing a cooccurrence network graph of the theme words in the US defense artificial intelligence strategy text. Finally, suggestions are proposed for Chinese national defense AI strategic planning based on this. The development of artificial intelligence strategy by the US Department of Defense can be divided into five major themes: strategic entities, technological innovation, ethical security, strategic resources, and diversified cooperation. In the evolution process, the US national defense AI system was built by JAIC as the core sector with multiple departments, from terms of strategic entities. In terms of technological innovation, it has evolved from self-built artificial intelligence combat systems to establishing an integrated land, sea and air command and control network. Regarding strategic resources, data is a key asset, talent is a key element, and funding is a key assistance. In terms of ethical security, behind the transition from “AI ethical standards” to “responsible AI” is the transition from “reflecting democratic values” to “clearing public opinion barriers for US military hegemony”. In terms of diversified cooperation, domestically, the public and private sectors built the AI technology ecosystem in the United States. Externally, the global RAI ecosystem was built by the US and allied partner countries. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Experience and Enlightenment of the Development of Photonic Technology and Industry in Major Countries and Regions YIN Zhixin, XU Ye, ZHANG Li WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (6): 720-728.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.08.011 Abstract （113）      PDF（pc） （1519KB）（80）       Knowledge map    Save At present, photonic technology is becoming a new development trend, and the photonic industry is expected to become a new driving force and main battlefield for global economic growth in the future. Major countries/regions in the world are vigorously developing optoelectronic technology, and regard the optoelectronic industry as one of the sunrise industries to promote economic development and social progress. This paper first analyzes the typical practices and empirical characteristics of United States, Japan and Europe in promoting photonic technology and industrial development, and analyzes the current situation of photonic technology and industrial development in China. Finally, the countermeasures and suggestions for the development of photonics industry in China are put forward: 1) strengthen the top-level design and take photonic technology and industrial development as a strategic focus; 2) Organize the establishment of a national photonic technology innovation platform to accelerate technology research and diffusion; 3) Coordinate the regional layout to achieve high-level agglomeration of the photonics industry; 4) Promote the integration of industry, education and research led by enterprises, and promote the integration and interconnection of science and technology and industry; 5) Driven by major application scenarios, build a demand-oriented industrial ecosystem. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Development Trends of International Greenhouse Gas Monitoring and Its Enlightenment to China FU Jiao, LIANG Lizhi, CUI Shaolong WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (5): 586-604.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.01.005 Abstract （110）      PDF（pc） （2485KB）（104）       Knowledge map    Save Reliable greenhouse gas (GHG) monitoring is conducive to the improvement of the carbon accounting system and will promote the development of the carbon emission trading market, providing scientific monitoring support for the realization of double carbon goals. This study reviews the spatial distribution, research hotspots, and evolution of academic research and patent technology in the field of international GHG monitoring based on bibliometric and patent analysis. Through comparative analysis, the research hotspots were classified into research and application of monitoring technology and instruments, GHG monitoring and emission estimation in urban areas, application of monitoring technology in key industries such as industry, global and regional-scale flux monitoring and its supporting technologies, and monitoring management methods, means, and measures. The research evolution is characterized by the gradual improvement of monitoring methods, technologies, and instruments, the gradual expansion of monitoring fields and scope, the continuous upgrading of monitoring platforms, and the continuous innovation of monitoring management. Combined with the international development trends and domestic status, there are still key technical problems, monitoring accuracy problems, and management system and management mechanism challenges in our country. Some suggestions were put forward around tamping the GHG monitoring foundation, improving the GHG stereo monitoring and evaluation system, and making innovations in management systems and management mechanisms. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Development Status of Artificial Intelligence Based on Standard Essential Patents ZHANG Mengshi XIAO Guohua WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (4): 511-523.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.10.002 Abstract （107）      PDF（pc） （1985KB）（129）       Knowledge map    Save Standard Essential Patents (SEP) encompass a wealth of patent and technical information and have significant intelligence value. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the significant frontier fields of technology. Analyzing the international distribution characteristics of SEP in the field of AI can assist in understanding the development status of AI, help identify the development shortcomings of one’s own country, and establish more targeted competitive strategies. This article is based on SEP from the PatSnap database and analyzes the distribution characteristics of standard essential patents in the field of artificial intelligence from three aspects: country, enterprise and technology. The results show that China has become an important innovation centre and technology market in the field of artificial intelligence, and some technical fields have reached the world’s leading level. However, there is still a big gap between the United States. At present, standardization work in the field of artificial intelligence is in the early stages of development, and the relevant standard essential patents are mainly concentrated in the basic layer field related to mobile communication technology. Large multinational communication companies mainly hold standard essential patents in the field of artificial intelligence, and related Internet companies and emerging technology companies have fewer standard essential patents. The paper further puts forward some suggestions: pay close attention to the progress of international standardization work, actively promote the standardization process of artificial intelligence in China; encourage Internet enterprises and emerging technology enterprises to participate in the standardization development; and pay attention to the research and development of the base layer and technology layer. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Future of Intelligent Photonic Chips: Optical Implementation of Brain-Inspired Algorithms and Potential Breakthroughs XIE Bin, XIE Hong WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (6): 729-757.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.11.002 Abstract （107）      PDF（pc） （1610KB）（2304）       Knowledge map    Save Currently, brain-inspired models, represented by artificial neural networks, are primarily implemented at the software level. Although these models have achieved significant breakthroughs in terms of intelligence, their development is still constrained by the physical limitations of electronic chips. With the advancement of optical computing technology, photonic chips based on analog optical computing can directly construct physical neuromorphic computing units at the hardware level, enabling efficient intelligent processing and adaptive learning. This paper first provides an overview of recent research progress on photonic chips in the fields of digital optical computing and optical quantum computing, highlighting that developing brain-inspired photonic chips based on analog optical computing can circumvent the issue associated with logic gate design and simulate the computational advantages of the brain. By reviewing the evolution of artificial neural networks and the corresponding optical implementation technologies, this paper further presents the following viewpoints regarding the bottlenecks in existing brain-inspired photonic chips, specifically in nonlinear components and scalability. In terms of hardware implementation, it is necessary to further explore nonlinear optical components and construct all-optical nonlinear operation layers to simulate the nonlinear characteristics of the brain. In terms of algorithm implementation, it is crucial to study the memory-based learning and cognitive principles of the brain to design brain-inspired intelligent algorithms that match photonic characteristics, thereby overcoming scalability limitations. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Comparative Analysis of Open Government Data Research at Domestic and Abroad Based on Bibliometrics XIE Pengya, REN Zhen WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (5): 677-689.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.01.004 Abstract （106）      PDF（pc） （2145KB）（112）       Knowledge map    Save With the advent of the information age, opening government data has become increasingly significant at the national and even international levels. A comparative analysis of the research progress of open government data at domestic and abroad is helpful in expanding the research perspective in this field in China. This paper takes the journal papers in the field of open government data at domestic and abroad as the research object, uses the bibliometric method and the visualization analysis method of knowledge graph to conduct a quantitative analysis of the journal papers in the CNKI and Web of Science database. It deeply explores research hotspots, and topic evolution path in the field of open government data at domestic and abroad, as well as identifies the main stages of research development at domestic and abroad. The results indicate that research in the field of open government data began earlier in foreign countries. Through analyzing the research themes and trends at domestic and abroad, it has been concluded that research on the data quality of open government in China lacks a detailed evaluation model. What’s more, attention should be paid to the research of open government data platforms. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Preface to the Special Issue Photonic Chips DAIQing WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (6): 703-704.   Abstract （105）      PDF（pc） （717KB）（356）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study of NASA’s Major Program Pre-research Management Process: Take the James Webb Space Telescope as An Example GUO Shijie, LI Zexia, WEI Ren, DONG Lu WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (5): 628-641.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.03.006 Abstract （105）      PDF（pc） （1390KB）（418）       Knowledge map    Save Effectively organizing and managing major scientific and technological projects is an important prerequisite for achieving the goal of seizing technological heights. This article takes the management documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as the analysis object, analyzes its project organization and management modes, and takes the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) project, which has invested nearly 10 billion US dollars and lasted for decades, as an example to analyze the pre-research management process of NASA’s major projects. NASA manages projects into three categories based on cost, risk, and priority. The project lifecycles can be divided into seven stages, from“pre A”to “A”“B”, until “F”, respectively. JWST entered NASA’s Pre-A Phase in 1995, with three independent units conducting conceptual research; In July 1999, 2 out of 3 units were selected to start the Phase A research; In September 2002, one contractor was officially selected to lead the Phase B research. The aspects that can be used for reference include: the project organizer should play a good“overall”role, gather multiple resources, and provide long-term stable support; The preparation of new projects needs to fully utilize the scientific, technological, and management talent foundation of the previous projects; The implementation of major projects can be promoted in stages using“horse racing”to reduce uncertainty and decision-making risks. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress of Electronic Health Record Mining Technology MA Xiaosheng, LIU Wei, WANG Sili, YANG Heng WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (6): 831-849.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.01.001 Abstract （102）      PDF（pc） （935KB）（1643）       Knowledge map    Save Artificial intelligence and data-driven EHR mining can discover potential medical laws and knowledge, and provide high-value intelligence and technical method support for precise and personalised medical decision-making and health management. In this paper, we retrieve relevant EHR mining literature from Web of Science, PubMed, and CNKI databases, and analyse the hotspots and trends of research in the field by visualising the trend of publication and keyword co-occurrence. On the basis of a full understanding of EHR data types and database sources, the existing EHR mining technology methods in the scientific community and their advantages and disadvantages are summarised and compared and analysed. The current EHR mining techniques can be divided into four types: association rule-based, dictionary and rule combination, statistical machine learning, and deep learning. Among them, deep learning-based EHR data mining technology is the current research hotspot and trend, which can efficiently mine and predict large-scale complex and heterogeneous EHR data. The overall research still exists problems such as poor interpretability of mining results, single and insufficient integration of technical methods, low degree of intelligence and poor portability, poor representation learning ability of multimodal heterogeneous data, and difficulties in landing practical applications in the medical field. Future research should focus on the interpretability of EHR mining results, strong representation of multimodal heterogeneous data, integration and standardisation of EHR data, and landability in clinical medical practice. In addition, with the rapid development of technologies related to large language models and knowledge graphs, explore the feasibility of their practical application in the field of EHR mining. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Key Core Technology Identification in a Multidimensional Perspective: Conceptual Analysis and Research Progress LI Lu WEI Wei WEN Tingxiao WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (3): 371-385.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.12.004 Abstract （98）      PDF（pc） （1394KB）（206）       Knowledge map    Save In order to summarize the research status of key core technology identification at home and abroad, and provide a reference for further in-depth research on the definition of key core technology concepts and the optimization of identification methods in China, this paper defines the connotation of key core technologies, selects 830 papers from 2016 to 2022 for publication statistics, and introduces industrial elements for literature screening. Based on the domestic pattern and international competition, the research field of key core technologies was limited to data-driven key industries, taking into account the relevance and novelty of research topics, 26 foreign literature and 43 Chinese literature were extracted for qualitative description, the connotation, characteristics and identification methods of key core technologies were summarized and reviewed, the research framework was sorted out and the future development trend was predicted. According to the connotation of key core technologies and the focus of existing research, based on the perspective of technology, strategy and the combination of technology and industrial chain, this paper sorts out the identification methods, common computable features and index measurement methods of key core technologies from three dimensions, and summarizes the current research results. It is believed that in the future, the research on the identification of key core technologies in China should be promoted from three aspects: clearly defining the connotation and extension of key core technologies, establishing a comprehensive index technology identification system based on the full characteristics of key core technologies, and realizing the empirical test of the identification and prediction mechanism of a broader range of key core technologies. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interdisciplinary Study on Global Biomedical Research Based on Funding Grants YAN Shu, QI Yan, ZHANG Ting, OUYANG Zhaolian WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (6): 850-861.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.01.006 Abstract （92）      PDF（pc） （886KB）（82）       Knowledge map    Save To understand the interdisciplinary development trends in biomedical research across representative countries globally, this study focuses on the research outcomes of grants from exemplary funding institutions. Utilizing bibliometric indicators to measure the degree of interdisciplinary collaboration, a social network of disciplines is constructed to identify key and crucial supporting disciplines. The study reveals that from 2018 to 2022, the degree of interdisciplinary collaboration in biomedical research has gradually increased in the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, Australia, European Union countries, and China. The number and scope of involved disciplines have expanded, though the intensity of the supporting role varies significantly among different disciplines. The increasing prominence of computer science including information technology, coupled with the ongoing crucial role of mathematics, particularly represented by statistics, along with the emergence of new materials, technologies, and equipment in the field of chemistry, collectively provide vital support for biomedical research. There are differences in the emphasis and supporting disciplines involved in research across different countries. Future planning of biomedical research grants and talent cultivation should pay more attention to the synergy of interdisciplinary knowledge and the integration of knowledge beyond the biomedical scope. To better support the innovation and development of the biomedical research paradigm, further exploration on deep collaboration models among researchers from different disciplines, interdisciplinary discipline setting in biomedical field, interdisciplinary training models for talent at different education stages, the arrangement of non-medical general supporting discipline courses, and scientifically optimize the content of medical teaching materials should be conducted. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of Innovation Governance and Risk Prevention System for Industrial Intelligence Security WANG Juanjuan PENG You ZHANG Chunfei WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (4): 560-574.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.07.006 Abstract （87）      PDF（pc） （857KB）（48）       Knowledge map    Save Industrial digital intelligence is a key driver for the development of new quality productive forces. With the deep embedding of artificial intelligence into industrial processes, industrial intelligence security governance has taken reliability, data quality and integrated software and hardware governance as its new focus. At present, the corresponding governance means are after-the-fact relief systems, data security systems, and network security systems, which present a significant maladaptation in industrial intelligence governance and are challenging to meet security needs. Industrial intelligence is a typical manifestation of risk society, and realizing its good governance requires the transformation of the existing system based on the principle of a risk prevention. Industrial intelligence reliability assurance should set up preventive obligations based on the warranty liability for defects system and product liability system and transform the difficulty of identifying defects and deficiencies into the judgment of obligation breaches; the data quality governance should focus on the establishment of a sound “national-local-industry” multi-level standard system in order to realize the compatibility of data quality standards among enterprises; integrated software and hardware governance should be empowered by artificial intelligence to prevent risks and effectively improve the effectiveness of hardware and software risk assessment, monitoring and early warning as well as response. Constructing a security risk governance system that is mutually compatible with prevention and response can strongly escort China’s industrial digital intelligence transformation and new industrialization to a stable and far-reaching future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Informal Mechanisms, Pathways Research and Prospects of Technology Transformation LI Chenguang LUO Jie WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (3): 318-333.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.01.002 Abstract （84）      PDF（pc） （1608KB）（247）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, informal mechanism of technology transfer has attracted significant attention due to its flexible and open mechanisms. However, the existing research of informal technology transfer lacks systematic organization and review. Focusing on the theme of “informal technology transfer”, this study utilizes CiteSpace visualization technology to conduct a quantitative analysis of 161 selected articles from the WOS (Web of Science) and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases, covering the period from 2001 to 2023. The study clarifies the connotation of informal technology transfer, presents the research hotspots, analyzes the mechanisms and pathways of informal technology transfer, and provides an outlook on emerging trends and research opportunities. Firstly, through a literature review, this paper discovers that the connotation of informal technology transfer has not been unified domestically and internationally. However, it can be distinguished from the perspectives of interpersonal interaction, contractual agreements, and transfer agents. Secondly, through textual analysis of existing research, this paper finds that studies related to informal technology transfer cover informal organizations, informal institutions, personal relationships, informal networks, the digital age, the digitalization of enterprises, and internal network structures. Thirdly, the research focus on informal technology transfer has evolved from initially revealing the operational relationships of informal organizations and institutions within and outside organizations to investigating the impact of “informal” factors in the context of the digital age. In addition, this study constructs an analytical framework for the implementation mechanisms and pathways of informal technology transfer, considering process orientation and the influence of internal and external driving factors on different key stakeholders’ involvement. Finally, the paper discusses future research directions for informal technology transfer, aiming to provide references for further in-depth studies in this field. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Carry out High-quality Science and Technology Strategy Consulting Work around Three Dimensions CHEN Yunwei WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2025, 47 (1): 1-6.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.02.001 Abstract （82）      PDF（pc） （1022KB）（77）       Knowledge map    Save Organizing “science and technology strategy consulting” needs to focus on three dimensions,including “science and technology strategy and decision-making”“science and technology frontier and trend”,and “science and technology management and policy”.First of all,“science and technology strategy and decision-making” are the leading issue of scientific and technological innovation,and it is a scientific and technological strategic research with the goal of toplevel design and overall planning,which needs to answer the basic laws of scientific and technological innovation and analyze the path to building China into a great power in science and technology,and other major strategic issues.Secondly,the key to the “science and technology frontier and trend” is to have a comprehensive understanding of the current development of science and technology,and use scientific methods to foresee the frontiers and breakthrough directions of future scientific and technological development,objectively evaluate the country’s competitiveness in the field of science and technology.“Science and technology management and policy” is related to the implementation of science and technology strategy consulting practice,including the optimization path of science and technology innovation system and layout,science and technology security risk monitoring and response strategies,problem-oriented policy supply and management measures,etc.The three dimensions complement each other and are dialectically unified,and together constitute the key core of science and technology strategy consulting. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Remote Sensing Monitoring of Soil Salinization ZHANG Yue, YE Huichun, LIU Ronghao, TANG Mingyao NIE Chaojia, ZHAO Xiaoshu, XUE Jiao WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2025, 47 (1): 82-102.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.01.001 Abstract （82）      PDF（pc） （1166KB）（44）       Knowledge map    Save Soil salinization is a globally prevalent resource and ecological issue that severely restricts agricultural development and the sustainable use of land resources.In recent years,remote sensing technology,with its advantages of extensive coverage and high spatiotemporal resolution,has become an important tool for monitoring saline-alkali land.This paper reviews relevant studies conducted both domestically and internationally,summarizing the applications of multispectral,hyperspectral,thermal infrared,and multi-source data fusion techniques in soil salinization monitoring.It focuses on commonly used salinity indices,vegetation indices,sensitive bands,and remote sensing inversion models,analyzing the applicability and limitations of different methods in salinized soil monitoring.Furthermore,the paper discusses key challenges in the field,such as limited model generalization and the impact of multiple factors on monitoring accuracy.Future research directions are also explored,including multi-source data integration and enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration.The findings of this study provide scientific support for improving the accuracy of soil salinization remote sensing monitoring,optimizing monitoring methods,and promoting the management of saline-alkali soils. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Quantum Dot Lasers and Waveguide Coupling for Silicon Photonics Integrated Circles LIU Wanlin, LV Zunren, WANG Shuai, CHAI Hongyu, YANG Xiaoguang, YANG Tao WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (6): 758-771.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.10.007 Abstract （81）      PDF（pc） （5906KB）（63）       Knowledge map    Save Silicon photonics integration combines the advantages of high optoelectronic rate, low crosstalk, high integration of microelectronics and low cost, which is an important path to break through the bottlenecks of current microelectronic chip performance wall and power consumption wall and realize high-speed information transmission and processing. After more than 20 years of rapid development, optical waveguides, optical modulators, optical detectors, wavesplitter/combiners and other components for silicon photonic chips and their small-scale integration have been basically matured, but high-performance silicon-based light sources have not yet been completely solved. Due to the extremely low luminous efficiency of intrinsic silicon, how to integrate III-V lasers into silicon photonic chips and realize their low-loss coupling with on-chip waveguides is the core problem that needs to be solved urgently. Quantum dot materials have a strong restriction on the three-dimensional direction of the carriers, which makes quantum dot lasers exhibit excellent characteristics such as low power consumption, high operating temperature, high temperature stability, and strong anti-feedback, and are regarded as the mainstream of silicon-based light sources in the future. In this paper, we focus on two types of quantum dot laser schemes, on-chip bonding and heterogeneous integration, as well as three waveguide coupling schemes, photonic lead, end-plane coupling and evanescent wave coupling, for large-scale and high-density silicon photonics integration, in order to provide inspiration for the early completion of the "last piece of the puzzle" in silicon photonics integration of high-performance laser light sources. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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European Commission’s Intellectual Property Practice and Implications for Public Research Organization and Project Management WANG Yuxin, XU Huifang, WEI Shan, QIN Minghao WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (5): 642-652.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.03.003 Abstract （77）      PDF（pc） （846KB）（116）       Knowledge map    Save In the IP management of public research organisations and projects in China, China still has the problem of inconsistency between the IP laws and policies and the management practices at the institutional level. The study aims to analyse the relevant IP management rules and practices of the European Commission and to analyse the management rules from the perspective of IP-related management departments to encourage China’s research organisations to incorporate the national laws and policies into their IP management policies and processes and to improve the IP management level of their organisations and projects. The study adopts a network survey method to select representative management policies and practices of the European Commission and to investigate how it implements IP laws and policies into the management rules of EU programmes. The research includes IP management guidelines and IP asset management guidelines for public research organisations focused on knowledge transfer activities, IP management rules for the EU Horizon Europe project and its IP services funded by the Horizon project. The results suggest that China can strengthen the guidance and demonstration of intellectual property management and project intellectual property management in public research organizations, such as formulating guidelines for intellectual property management of institutions and projects, guidelines for the appreciation of intellectual property assets, or funding highly professional intellectual property services. In particular, policy toolkits are provided in specific operational processes to improve the efficiency of IP management. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of US “Double-D” Operation Mode and Its Enlightenment to Scientific and Technological Innovation of Military Research Institutes#br# YANG Yong JI Xiaoyu WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (3): 334-349.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.11.002 Abstract （76）      PDF（pc） （1844KB）（260）       Knowledge map    Save With the rapid development of China’s economy, China’s technological strength has also made significant improvements. As the main engine for the innovation and development of national defense technology, military research institutes have made tremendous contributions to improving equipment performance and technological innovation in China, and playing a vital role. However, under the overall guidance of the strategy of building a strong country through science and technology, there are certain deficiencies in the technological innovation capabilities of China’s military research institutes compared to relevant organizations in the United States, such as collaborative innovation, generation and management of cutting-edge technology projects, and transformation of achievements. Therefore, this paper takes DARPA and DIU, the pioneers of defense technology innovation in the United States, as the research objects. The unique features and success oaths of DARPA and DIU are identified through analysis through comparative analysis of their organizational structures, operational mode, prominent advantages, and related measures. Based on the current development status of military research institutes, relevant suggestions for scientific and technological innovation in military research institutes are proposed from a macro level. Specific recommendations and measures are proposed from the perspectives of improving the scientific and technological collaborative innovation system, constructing the generation and management mechanism of innovative cutting-edge scientific and technological projects, enriching the strategic research expert committee and improving relevant mechanisms, and playing the role of the expert committee, providing a reference for the development of scientific and technological innovation in military research institutes. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress on Dynamic Regulation Mechanisms and Techniques for Water,Fertilizer and Salt in Saline alkali Land SUN Wenqian, ZHANG Xinjun, LIU Fan, GUO Kai, CHENG Gong, ZHANG Yucui WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2025, 47 (1): 24-36.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.01.002 Abstract （76）      PDF（pc） （5804KB）（39）       Knowledge map    Save Saline-alkali land is widely distributed in China,and as a potential land type for increasing grain production,its scientific management is of great significance to ensure national food security and ecological security.The process of water,fertilizer and salt in saline-alkali soil and its synergistic regulation mechanism are not clear,which will lead to the difficulty of the corresponding improvement and utilization technology to achieve the expected results.In order to explore the current situation,mechanism,main technologies and future research directions of the dynamic regulation of soil water,fertilizer and salt in saline-alkali land in China,this paper first analyzes the relevant literature from 2010 to 2024,summarizes the hot spots and trends of saline-alkali land research,and finds that the number of published papers is increasing year by year,and the research enthusiasm in the field of saline-alkali land is increasing both domestically and internationally.Subsequently,the dynamic regulation mechanism of soil water,salt and water and fertilizer in saline-alkali land was discussed in detail,including the influence of natural and human factors on soil water and salt transport,and the role of water and fertilizer coupling technology in improving soil environment and crop yield.The improvement and regulation technologies related to saline-alkali land,such as drip irrigation under film,brackish water utilization,intelligent irrigation and organic fertilizer improvement,have shown remarkable effects in controlling soil salinity,improving water resource use efficiency and improving soil structure.However,there are still some problems in the research on the synergistic regulation of water,fertilizer and salt in saline-alkali land,such as the existing water-fertilizer coupling model still has great limitations when applied to saline-alkali land,and more targeted models need to be developed urgently.Future research should focus on precise salt control,carbon enhancement and emission reduction,and the application of new materials in saline-alkali land management,so as to promote technological innovation and practical development.It is suggested to strengthen interdisciplinary cooperation and combine big data and artificial intelligence technology to achieve scientific governance of saline-alkali land and ensure food security and ecological environment. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Experience and Inspiration of Italy Leading the Establishment of International Science and Technology Organizations MA Zongwen, FANG Ci WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (5): 653-663.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.03.004 Abstract （75）      PDF（pc） （982KB）（290）       Knowledge map    Save The establishment of international scientific and technological organizations is an important measure to actively integrate into the global innovation network and build an open innovation ecosystem. Italy has initiated the establishment of three international scientific and technological organizations, namely The World Academy of Sciences for the advancement of science in developing countries(TWAS), the International Centre for Theoretical Physics(ICTP) and the International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology(ICGEB). This has formed an innovative ecosystem where international scientific and technological organizations collaborate and benefit each other with large-scale scientific research infrastructure, universities and research institutes, and science parks. It has also created a highland for scientific and technological openness and cooperation, as well as an influential international scientific and technological center. Through methods such as field visits, literature research, and case analysis, this study conducts an in-depth analysis of the development process, government support measures, institutional operation mechanisms, and achievements of Italy in leading the establishment of international scientific and technological organizations. It summarizes its experience in building international scientific and technological organizations and draws relevant insights. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Public-Private-Partnership Technology Development Model of NASA from the Perspective of the Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) ZHU Yue, ZHOU Ronghua WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (5): 616-627.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.05.001 Abstract （75）      PDF（pc） （1132KB）（69）       Knowledge map    Save Utilizing the innovative capacity of enterprises and the organizational role of governments can greatly enhance China’s efforts in achieving breakthroughs in key core technologies. A number of Public sectors in the United States have adopted the public-private Partnership (PPP) model in major scientific and technological projects, especially the most famous model of National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA), which has greatly improved the development efficiency of major space technologies and promoted industrial development. This paper takes the Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) of NASA as the research object, analyzes the mechanism of the organization’s technology investment direction and the operation mechanism of the public-private partnership technology development mode, and summarizes the characteristics of the NASA public-private partnership technology development mode led by STMD，including: (1) Multi-thread technology development task selection mode (2) task decision and plan execution module linkage mode (3) Differentiated public-private partnership technology development plan setting, Finally, the paper puts forward the suggestions to improve the cooperation from three aspects: strengthening the strategic layout of government-enterprise cooperation technology research, optimizing the selection mode of major scientific and technological tasks of government departments, and establishing differentiated combination of government-enterprise technology research plans. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Dynamic Quantitative Evaluation of China’s International Science and Technology Cooperation Policies Based on PMC Index Model ZHAI Yunkai LI Fangcao LIU Yue WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (3): 409-425.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.12.005 Abstract （74）      PDF（pc） （20788KB）（196）       Knowledge map    Save The international scientific and technological cooperation environment has undergone tremendous changes under the new development pattern. Evaluation and reflection on past international scientific and technological cooperation policies can provide important support for improving international scientific and technological cooperation policies under the “dual cycle”. This article takes 199 international science and technology cooperation policies issued at the national level from 1978 to 2022 as the research object, uses Python technology to conduct text mining and co-occurrence analysis to capture the characteristics of policy texts, and combines the setting of policy evaluation indicators in existing literature to construct an international science and technology cooperation policy. PMC index model of cooperation policies, and dynamically select 18 sample policies from different development stages of international scientific and technological cooperation for quantitative evaluation. The results show that among the 18 international science and technology cooperation policies, 3 are perfect, 6 are excellent,9 are excellent, and there are no acceptable or bad policies. However, the microanalysis index scores found that there is still an imbalance in the issuing agency and an insufficient policy nature, problems such as single policy perspective, vague policy focus, neglect of private objects and insufficient use of policy tools; the policy quality scores of the different development stages of international scientific and technological cooperation are from high to low: innovative development stage > steady recovery stage > rapid advancement stage > In the comprehensive improvement stage, the main differences stem from the different needs for policy types, policy nature, policy perspectives and policy priorities in different periods. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on ASEAN’s Cross Border Data Flows System: Process Evolution and Rule Construction LIN Zihan WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (3): 306-317.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.11.001 Abstract （74）      PDF（pc） （888KB）（753）       Knowledge map    Save With the development of 5G, artificial intelligence, blockchain, big data and other digital technologies, ASEAN has begun to pay attention to the impact of the development of the digital economy in the region, in which the security of cross-border data flow has increasingly attracted the attention of ASEAN and its member countries. This article uses qualitative research methods such as literature review to summarize the construction process and rules of cross-border data flows in ASEAN and its major member countries, in order to analyze the problems in ASEAN’s cross-border data flows rules and the challenges they pose to China-ASEAN’s cross-border data flows cooperation. The study found that ASEAN has formed a three-layer rules system from macro to micro in the field of cross-border data flows. Major member countries such as Singapore apply diverse rules to strengthen international integration, while Malaysia will allow cross-border data flows to be included in the “exceptional situation”. At the same time, it is believed that the application of rules within the ASEAN region is relatively chaotic, and the difficulty of internal coordination will increase the compliance costs and potential risks of Chinese enterprises conducting cross-border data flows in ASEAN. Therefore, relevant suggestions are proposed to refine the operational path of China-ASEAN data cross-border flows, strengthen mutual recognition of China-ASEAN data security rules, and explore new ways of China-ASEAN data cross-border flows. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Three-dimensional Photonic Quantum Chips Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing: A Review LI Chu, WANG Ruiqi, LI Yan WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2024, 46 (6): 772-789.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.10.006 Abstract （74）      PDF（pc） （5894KB）（598）       Knowledge map    Save Optical quantum chips based on coupled waveguide systems achieve quantum functionality through photon transport and inter-waveguide coupling, offering strong scalability and serving as a vital platform for optical quantum information processing. Three-dimensional optical quantum chips fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing possess more flexible 3D configurations compared to traditional planar chips to bring forth enhanced functions including optical communication, quantum computing, all-optical logic operations, and on-chip information processing. Moreover, the propagation equation of light in coupled waveguide systems closely resembles the Schrödinger equation that governs the dynamics of microscopic particles. This similarity enables the use of optical quantum chips to simulate complex condensed matter quantum phenomena that are challenging to observe directly. Consequently, optical quantum chips not only have diverse applications but also serve as a powerful platform for studying cutting-edge physics concepts like topological physics and non-Hermitian effects. Currently, three-dimensional optical quantum chips, with their unique technological advantages and extensive application prospects, have become one of the key directions for future chip development. They open new avenues for maintaining global technological leadership, significantly bolstering China's prominence in advanced technology sectors. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of the Development Trends of Basic Research in France and Its Enlightenments for China WANG Teng, WANG Yimin, TANG Fujie, WANG Kun, ZHANG Yongji WORLD SCI-TECH R&D    2025, 47 (1): 143-157.   DOI: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.09.003 Abstract （69）      PDF（pc） （1469KB）（58）       Knowledge map    Save This paper reviews the evolution of France’s policies on investment in basic research,providing an indepth analysis of the country’s funding and personnel allocation for basic research,key areas of investment,and the evaluation system.The study reveals that France’s basic research sector benefits from consistent policy support from successive governments,long-term and high-intensity funding,an ample pool of high-quality scientific personnel,and boasts a rational structure for fund execution and a robust system for financial evaluation.These factors contribute significantly to France’s status as a global scientific powerhouse.Building on the analysis of France’s approach to basic research,this paper addresses the current state of basic research investment in our country,highlighting issues such as the varying degrees of value recognition for basic research investment among different stakeholders,suboptimal innovation outcomes from such investments,a singular approach to investment,and gaps in the regulatory framework.The paper proposes four recommendations aimed at promoting the development of basic research in our country. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）