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18 July 2025, Volume 47 Issue 4

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Enlightenment of Germany’s Plan to Strengthen Technological Sovereignty to China Based on Germany’s FITS2030 Plan

FENG Xiaoru, ZHAO Yijie, MO Tan, DING Hao, WANG Yangdong

2025, 47(4):  401-416.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.05.001

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This article deeply analyzes the “Research and Innovation for Technological Sovereignty 2030” (FITS2030) plan released by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, especially the eight key digital technologies that are prioritized for development (artificial intelligence, software engineering, microelectronics, high-performance computing, communication systems, network security, quantum technology and photonics); and four key industrial technologies (innovative materials, robotics, battery technology, Industry 4.0) as well as Germany’s strategies in technology transformation, talent training, and international cooperation. The study found that Germany is strengthening its and Europe’s technological sovereignty and reducing its external dependence by implementing a series of relevant plans. By comparing the differences in the characteristics of relevant fields between China and Germany, it is proposed that China should clarify key technology areas, promote industry-university-research collaboration, build an “asymmetric innovation” ecosystem, attach importance to talent training, pay attention to science and technology ethics, and strengthen international cooperation to achieve breakthroughs in key technology areas.

Organizational Pattern of JST Strategic Basic Research Programs and Its Implications for China

LIU Yun, WU Yuduo, XU Deying, YOU Yu1

2025, 47(4):  417-428.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.06.001

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Strategic-oriented basic research focuses on national strategic needs and scientific frontiers. It involves systematically deploying major fundamental research projects to address key scientific issues in economic and social development, thereby providing foundational support for cultivating new quality productive forces. However, China’s organizational system for strategic-oriented basic research remains insufficient to fully support high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, necessitating learning from the implementation practices of developed countries. Since the 21st century, major countries have introduced a series of strategic plans targeting cutting-edge technologies and industrial fields, to enhance the forward-looking layout of strategic-oriented basic research. Among these, Japan’s JST has launched a series of strategic basic research programs dedicated to funding high-level basic research in areas aligned with future societal needs and national strategies, establishing a mature organizational framework that has yielded significant original breakthroughs. This paper first examines the strategic positioning and funding management systems of JST’s strategic basic research programs: frontier breakthroughoriented programs and application spiral-propelled programs. Subsequently, it conducts a detailed analysis of the CREST program, ERATO program, and JST-Mirai program as case studies, exploring their project organization methods, funding scales, selection and evaluation criteria, and outcomes. Finally, based on the analysis of the status and key challenges in China’s strategic-oriented basic research organizational system, policy recommendations are proposed across top-level design, funding patterns, evaluation systems, and ecosystem development.

UK‘s Science and Technology Resources Allocation Driven by Strategic Mission: Practices and Implications

LIU Yan, PEI Ruimin

2025, 47(4):  429-443.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.05.005

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Effectively coordinating multiple forces and allocating science and technology(S&T) resources in response to national strategic needs is of great significance for enhancing S&T competitiveness. As a traditional powerhouse in scientific and technological innovation, the UK has established a distinctive system for allocating such resources through a series of measures, driving scientific and technological advancement and economic growth. Building on this foundation, this study systematically examines the UK’s practices in allocating S&T resources, exploring its institutional framework from four dimensions: the development context, the design of strategies and plans, the decomposition of strategic missions, and the resource allocation mechanisms. The study finds that the UK’s S&T resource allocation system exhibits two key characteristics: First, strategic missions are gradually broken down into concrete action plans, with research funding allocation serving as a central link connecting other resources. Second, a strategic mission-oriented “reservoir” of S&T resources is built, in which the allocation practices, in turn, shape the implementation pathways of the strategic mission. These experiences offer three key insights for China’s S&T resource allocation: 1) fostering a stable yet flexible institutional environment; 2) integrating strategic planning with resource allocation processes; and 3) enhancing the circulation and accumulation of S&T resources through openness and sharing.

Study on Functional Orientation and Innovation Collaboration Mechanism of National Laboratory of National Nuclear Security Administration of U. S. Department of Energy

WANG Xinwei, LI Junkai, FU Zhenyu, GONG Yi

2025, 47(4):  444-458.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.12.003

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Under the background of technology competition among major powers, the paper selects the National laboratory of National Nuclear Security Administration of U. S. Department of Energy as case study, providing some experiences for the development of Chinese laboratories. Through the typing analysis, the paper focuses on the coordination measures and logic. It shows that the key function orientation of the National laboratory is safeguarding national security and enhancing competitiveness. The National laboratory adopts three different collaboration models that internal collaboration, external collaboration and international cooperation, which based on the different research agenda and research type. In the applied research of high politics field, the National laboratory chooses internal collaboration, while in the basic research of low politics field, it tends to adopt open approach in order to grasp the advanced technology trend with the support by international cooperation. Chinese National laboratories are in the process of accelerated construction. It can take the initiative to build a cross-laboratory platform, as well as expand its business scope in a timely and appropriate manners. In addition, it can promote the implementation of the targeted coordination strategy in an orderly manner.

Comparative Analysis of Solid-state Battery Patents between China and Japan

XIE Zhen, MA Jianxia, HU Wenjing

2025, 47(4):  459-475.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.04.002

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Solid-state battery technology, as a key frontier for next-generation energy storage systems, profoundly influences the global energy transition through its research and development dynamics and industry competition landscape. This study employs patent data to systematically compare the differentiated development pathways and competitive structures of solid-state battery technologies in China and Japan, including R&D activity, technological themes, competitive advantage, and market deployment. The findings indicate that Japan leverages early technological accumulation and persistent policy support, focusing on the research of sulfide and halide electrolytes to establish a high-energy-density technological framework. Its higher technological complexity and innovation index, along with widespread patent portfolio deployment, have created significant global technological barriers. Conversely, China relies on policy-driven and market-oriented dual-track development, achieving differentiated advantages particularly in semi-solid-state battery commercialization, composite electrolyte systems, and low-cost manufacturing processes. However, the proportion of high-innovation patents is insufficient, and the overseas technical market presence is weak. Based on these findings, this paper proposes an integrated strategy comprising four pillars: basic R&D innovation, patent system protection, technical standards leadership, and industrial ecosystem reconstruction. This strategy aims to provide data support and strategic recommendations for optimizing China’s solid-state battery technology breakthrough path.

Research on Innovative Development Path and Policy Guarantee of China’s Optical Information Industry

CUI Tong, GENG Hongjun

2025, 47(4):  476-490.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.03.004

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The optical information industry, as a fundamental, leading, and cutting-edge technology industry in the field of new-generation information technology, has emerged as the “high ground” contested by major global technological and digital powers. This paper systematically investigates the current state of development of China’s optical information industry, drawing on the technological development paths and industrial innovation models in the optical information field of developed economies such as Europe, the United States, Japan, and South Korea. Guided by the “dual-ecosystem synergy” theoretical framework, it constructs the development paths of “technological ecosystem upgrading” and “application ecosystem expansion” for the optical information industry. The paper has proposed policy support measures, including improving the development plan for the optical information industry, refining the innovation organization model, establishing a whole cycle innovation service for the transformation of optical information technology, accelerating the improvement of legal and regulatory oversight systems, enhancing the financing guarantee system for future technologies, and creating a specialized talent resource pool, in order to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the innovative development of China’s optical information industry.

Foundations, Characteristics and Optimization Strategies for China’s International Cooperation in Artificial Intelligence with Other Countries in the Global South

CAI Jiajun

2025, 47(4):  491-500.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.05.003

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In recent years, China has developed a distinctive “developmental cooperation model” in its AI collaboration with other countries in the Global South., characterized by principles of autonomous empowerment, openness, inclusiveness, and mutual benefit. To provide theoretical discussions on optimizing China’s AI cooperation strategies with other countries in the Global South while offering practical insights for sustainable technology collaboration among developing nations. Through an analysis of China’s international AI cooperation policies within the Global South and case studies of multilateral and bilateral mechanisms, this study examines how China promotes AI development in Global South countries across key areas such as capacity-building, application-driven innovation, and data governance. While progress has been achieved, challenges persist, including institutional fragmentation, disparities in development among partner nations, and Western-led disinformation campaigns aimed at sowing division. To address these challenges, this paper proposes three strategic recommendations: 1) leveraging the BRICS mechanism to strengthen multilateral cooperation frameworks and enhance the Global South’s voice in AI governance; 2) prioritizing partnerships with “pivotal states” to establish flagship projects and foster regional spillover effects; and 3) promoting transparency and trust-building measures to counter misperceptions and solidify mutual confidence.

Comparison and Experience of Innovation Capability of Enterprises in Innovative Countries

WANG Kaile, CHEN Yunwei, XIONG Yonglan

2025, 47(4):  501-511.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.12.002

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China has entered the ranks of innovative countries and is among the forefront of innovative countries, in this process, it is urgent to solve the problem of improving the innovation ability of enterprises as the main body of innovation and break through the bottleneck of innovation. This paper uses a data-experience analysis framework to reflect the results and gaps with data, and reveals measures with experience, observes the long-term evolution of enterprise innovation capabilities in typical innovative countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Japan, and studies the practices of typical innovative countries in improving enterprise innovation capabilities. The research shows that the R&D expenditure of Chinese enterprises is relatively high, and the proportion of R&D expenditure is among the highest, but the investment of enterprises in basic research is less and the investment from other countries is less. Typical innovative countries have generally adopted measures to improve the innovation ability of enterprises, such as introducing incentive policies in a timely manner, encouraging small and medium-sized enterprises to research and development, and focusing on efficient joint division of labor. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to encourage enterprises to invest in R&D at the front-end of innovation, strengthen the policy orientation of paying for innovation, and build an enterprise-led scientific and technological achievement transformation system in an organized scientific research mode.

The Supply and Coordination of Civil-Military Science and Technology Policies: A Quantitative Study of Policy Texts Based on the Framework of “Tool-Object-Target”

SONG Yuwei, WANG Yuxin, LIU Jida, AN Shi

2025, 47(4):  512-529.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.12.007

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Civil-military science and technology policy is the “crutch” of science and technology collaborative innovation. Quantifying the attributes and characteristics of civil-military science and technology policy is conducive to promoting the scientific and rational formulation of civil-military science and technology policy, and promoting the sustainable and stable development of civil-military science and technology innovation. Based on the theory of policy tools, this paper constructs a three-dimensional analysis framework of “policy tools-policy objects-policy targets”, and employs the quantitative method of policy text for conducting the single-dimensional and cross-dimensional composite analyses of the civil-military science and technology policies issued by the central government since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The study found that the central departments have issued a series of policies and systems for the development of civil-military science and technology to carry out a full range of deployment, however, there is still an imbalance in the structure of the supply of policy tools, the policy object is overly centralized, and the coupling between the policy tools and the policy targets is low. It is recommended that the layout of civil-military science and technology policies be coordinated in four aspects: optimizing the combination of policy tools, helping to balance the tools and measures, expanding the scope of policy targets, and focusing on the coupling of policy tools and policy targets.

Evaluation and Enlightenment of the Scientific Data Academic Value Ecosystem under the “Structure-Process-Function” Analysis Paradigm

JI Wanjing, QU Jiansheng

2025, 47(4):  530-549.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.05.004

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The importance of scientific data in the era of open science and data-driven research is becoming increasingly prominent, and the academic value it contains has become the key to promoting scientific research and knowledge advancement. This paper draws on the “structure-process-function” analysis paradigm to analyze the academic value ecosystem of scientific data, selects indicators from three dimensions: system architecture, value flow, and ecological efficiency to form an ecosystem evaluation index system, and conducts practical analysis in combination with National Earthquake Data Center. The study found that the indicators that affect the comprehensive efficiency of the ecosystem are high-impact results, data mining, data reusability, data standardization, knowledge diffusion breadth, and policy adoption. At the same time, it brings several inspirations for the development of the academic value ecosystem of earthquake science data in our country: consolidating high-quality and reliable data foundations, improving data management specifications throughout the life cycle, establishing a dynamically evolving data standardization system, promoting open sharing and collaborative innovation of data, and improving government decision-making and ecological cultivation.

Practice and Enlightenment of the Reform of Scientific and Technological Talents Evaluation in the Netherlands Based on Analysis of the Recognition & Rewards Programme

WANG Haoyuan, XU Fang

2025, 47(4):  550-560.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.05.002

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In recent years, international reform of scientific research evaluation has intensified, with the evaluation of scientific and technological talent becoming a focal point of concern for various countries. Influenced by the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment, the Netherlands has emerged as a leading representative of research evaluation reform in Europe. At the end of 2022, it officially launched a systematic reform called the Recognition & Rewards Programme at the national and institutional levels, aiming to complete the first phase of reform by the end of 2024. The Netherlands’ reform of scientific and technological talent evaluation follows a “national coordination-institutional pilot” approach, and its pace of reform aligns closely with that of our country. Therefore, this paper focuses on the reform of scientific and technological talent evaluation in the Netherlands, analyzing aspects such as the background of the reform, implementation pathways, and its effects, and uses the example of the reform practices at the University Medical Center Utrecht to explore specific methods in talent categorization and evaluation standards. This study summarizes and refines the practical experience of the Netherlands’ science and technology talent evaluation reform and combines it with the actual situation of China’s science and technology talent evaluation reform, and puts forward four suggestions in order to provide a reference for China’s next stage of science and technology talent evaluation reform pilot work.

Research on the Funding System of São Paulo Research Foundation in Brazil

WANG Chen, LU Qiyu, ZHU Yue, ZHOU Ronghua

2025, 47(4):  561-571.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.03.005

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Research funding systems play a crucial role in promoting scientific research and technological innovation. The São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) is one of the leading public research funding agencies in Brazil, has contributes a wealth of valuable experiences in advancing scientific research both within Brazil and around the world. This study takes FAPESP as a case to analysis the sustainable research funding system. The characteristics of FAPESP’s funding system are: an organizational structure with checks and balance, substantial and discretionary research funds, and funding source and operational model protected by the constitution. FAPESP has established a Trinity funding system structure of Education, Science and technology and Talent. To ensure the efficiency of funding, FAPESP has established a relatively comprehensive project review mechanism. While FAPESP boasts numerous advantages in its operational model, strategic priorities, and international collaboration initiatives. For instance, it has established a diversified funding system, effectively leverages corporate resources, and has developed efficient implementation mechanisms. Finally, this paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions from three aspects: building a diversified funding system, stimulating the autonomy and creativity of enterprises, and improving the project review mechanism.