Abstract: The research on the development of a modern industrial system in the world’s major economies is an important avenue for our country to explore the path of Chinese-style modernization. By studying the similarities, differences, and experiences in the modernization of industrial structures in the world’s major developed countries, it is found that technological innovation and talent management, internal market advantages, external development opportunities, industrial policy guidance, and the development of the real economy are five common characteristics that major economies share in promoting industrial system construction. In light of these characteristics, a comparative analysis of the actual development of our country’s modern industrial system leads to the following insights: the construction of a modern industrial system in our country must adhere to the essential connotations of maintaining the centralized and unified leadership of the Party, developing the real economy, and pursuing high-quality development, while also embodying the era’s characteristics of advanced technology, synergy, and low carbon; it is recommended that our country strengthen the construction of the modern industrial system from three aspects: enhancing policy coordination, improving industrial innovation capabilities, and solidifying the real economy.

Key words: Modern Industrial System; Chinese Path to Modernization; Real Economy; Industrial Chain; Industrial Structure