Abstract: Science and technology project evaluation is a core component of innovation management systems, exerting profound impacts on advancing reforms in scientific and technological innovation mechanisms. This paper summarizes the advanced practices in project evaluation management from leading global innovators, including Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It systematically analyzes their distinctive evaluation models: Japan establishes a “government-industry-university-research collaboration” framework through the integration of CSTI (Council for Science, Technology and Innovation) and academic councils; Germany employs a “2+1 peer review mechanism” to enhance interdisciplinary research and risk governance; the UK implements a “Rationale-Objective-Appraisal-Monitoring-Evaluation (ROAME)” model for closed-loop, full-cycle management; and the U.S. Advanced Technology Program (ATP) leverages multi-dimensional evaluation systems and dynamic assessment mechanisms to drive technological transformation. Based on these findings, the study proposes actionable recommendations for improving China’s science and technology project evaluation system: optimizing evaluation indicator systems to enhance scientific rigor, utilizing big data for precise expert matching to improve peer review quality, and advancing the development of an internationalized evaluation management framework to eliminate regional constraints.

Key words: Science and Technology Power, Science and Technology Projects, Review and Management, Peer Review, Enlightenment for Reference