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23 December 2025, Volume 47 Issue S2

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Research on the Catchingup Pathways of Latecomer Economies in the Integrated Circuit Industry*

SONG Yiran, LYU Jialing, WANG Ying

2025, 47(S2):  1-13.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.10.102

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Against the backdrop of intensifying global technological competition and heightened geopolitical sensitivity, the integrated circuit (IC) industry has become a strategic cornerstone of national economic security and technological sovereignty. Its characteristics (high cumulative technological intensity, strong path dependence, and whole-of-chain coordination) together with external technological embargoes, incumbent lock-in, and an oligopolistic market structure, make it difficult for latecomer economies to enter global markets through low-cost competition or single-point breakthroughs. Drawing on Neo-Schumpeterian theory and an innovation-ecosystem analytical framework ,this paper first provides a systematic assessment of the current status of China’s IC industry, its structural bottlenecks, and the stage-specific strategic objectives of latecomer catch-up; second, it employs a comparative case approach to trace the differentiated pathways taken by Japan, Korea, et al.in building chip development platforms, accumulating technological experience, and organizing innovation. The findings indicate that catch-up in the IC industry is not a linear process of imitation but involves stage-wise, nonlinear transitions shaped by technological evolution, market-entry conditions, and the institutional environment. Finally,the paper proposes three feasible pathways for China to move from “following” to “catching up”:1) technology breakthroughs centered on autonomous control of critical links in the value chain; 2) differentiated competition oriented toward niche segments and system-level solutions; 3) innovation-ecosystem building supported by robust institutional foundations and organizational capabilities.

Construction of Intellectual Property Application System to Promote Scientific and Technological Innovation: Take Japan’s National Intellectual Property Promotion Plan for Example

XUE Ya, YAO Jingyi, WANG Xueying, SHI Yingjie

2025, 47(S2):  14-22.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.03.101

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The application and transformation of intellectual property rights is an important link in the innovation-driven high-quality development, essentially building a cycle of “technological innovation-intellectual property protection-application promotion-intellectual property benefits-re-innovation.” Since 2003, Japan’s Intellectual Property Strategy Headquarters has formulated an annual Intellectual Property Promotion Plan as an important guideline for implementing the national intellectual property strategy in Japan. This paper conducts research based on key nodes of Japan’s intellectual property strategy and promotion plans from 2002 to the present. In 2003, Japan’s intellectual property transformation and application system consisted of three aspects: strategic application supporting intellectual property, supporting international standardization activities, and improving the intellectual property application environment. In 2008, with the development of Japan’s intellectual property work, its transformation and application system evolved to strategically apply intellectual property, promote the application of common foundational technology, revitalise regions using intellectual property, and support small and medium-sized enterprises. In 2021, Japan improved the mechanism for promoting intellectual property transformation and application, linking enterprises, investors, financial institutions, and other stakeholders efficiently through intellectual property operation service companies. In 2022, Japan advanced the systematic operation of intellectual property from research and development to market through the construction and improvement of an intellectual property application promotion ecosystem. Based on research, the following recommendations are proposed: firstly, improve the policies and regulations for the transformation and application of intellectual property rights to enhance the strategic and agile layout of industrial innovation; secondly, leverage the key role of the market in the transformation and application of intellectual property, promoting deep integration of the “four chains”; thirdly, establish and improve the public service system for intellectual property rights to optimise the innovation ecosystem.

Researches on Evolution of Laser TOF Ranging Error Optimization Technology

LYU Yuting, JIN Lihong

2025, 47(S2):  23-29.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.10.103

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Time of flight (TOF) measurement accuracy is the core support of the performance of pulsed laser rangefinder, and its technical breakthrough is of key significance for high-precision compensation and intelligent anti-jamming capability upgrade in high-end manufacturing, autonomous driving and unmanned aerial vehicles, aerospace and national defense, smart cities and infrastructure. Focusing on the core dimension of time-of-flight measurement, this paper, through the analysis of patent information, reveals the correlation law between patent layout and industrial competition pattern, clarifies the industrial status, technical trends and competition pattern of TOF ranging error resolution, and analyzes the technical bottleneck in this field, which provides direction guidance for the iteration of time-of-flight TOF measurement technology and the cracking of ranging error. The related technical literature of TOF ranging error of time of flight was retrieved from patent database, and the solution was decomposed into three branches: signal processing dimension (focusing on the precise calculation logic of time of flight),ranging device dimension (supporting the hardware carrier design of time of flight measurement), and ranging signal dimension (signal source innovation related to time of flight measurement).By quantitatively analyzing the evolution of patent applications, the evolution path of branch technology, the distribution characteristics of applicant countries and the core technology clusters, the technical research thread of TOF measurement of flight time is systematically dismantled. It is found that the current research focuses on the signal processing technology related to TOF calculation, but the hardware base (ranging device) and signal source (ranging signal) of TOF measurement are not invested enough. In order to break through the performance bottleneck and competition barrier of laser ranging technology, it is necessary to strengthen the research investment in the field of ranging devices and ranging signals, tap its innovative potential in technical principles, design methods and manufacturing processes, and promote the systematic breakthrough of the whole chain technology of measurement of time of flight.

Estuarine Tidal Level Prediction Based on CNN-BiLSTM Model

WANG Xiaoxue, GE Jianzhong

2025, 47(S2):  30-41.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.04.102

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In the field of ocean science, tidal level prediction is an important research topic with wide application value. With the development of machine learning technology, machine learning methods have gradually become a new approach to tidal level prediction. To further explore the application of machine learning methods in long-term tidal level prediction, this paper constructs a machine learning model based on the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) network architecture. The hourly tidal level data from a total of 8 stations in the Changjiang Estuary region were input into the model for training, and a convolutional neural network layer was used to extract the periodic information of historical tidal levels over a period of 14 days, resulting in tidal level prediction models for each station. The experimental results show that in the 120-hour prediction task, the average Root Mean Square Error and Mean Absolute Error of the model are both below 20 cm and 17 cm, respectively, with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.98. The results demonstrate that the improved neural network model is effective in long-term tidal level prediction, significantly improving prediction accuracy and effectively mitigating the deficiencies of existing models in extracting tidal periodic features and addressing cumulative errors in long-term predictions.

Experience of Science and Technology Project Evaluation and Management of the World’s Science and Technology Powers and Its Enlightenment to China

ZHANG Bin, YAO Wali, DAI Guibao, YU Quanmin

2025, 47(S2):  42-51.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.03.102

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Science and technology project evaluation is a core component of innovation management systems, exerting profound impacts on advancing reforms in scientific and technological innovation mechanisms. This paper summarizes the advanced practices in project evaluation management from leading global innovators, including Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It systematically analyzes their distinctive evaluation models: Japan establishes a “government-industry-university-research collaboration” framework through the integration of CSTI (Council for Science, Technology and Innovation) and academic councils; Germany employs a “2+1 peer review mechanism” to enhance interdisciplinary research and risk governance; the UK implements a “Rationale-Objective-Appraisal-Monitoring-Evaluation (ROAME)” model for closed-loop, full-cycle management; and the U.S. Advanced Technology Program (ATP) leverages multi-dimensional evaluation systems and dynamic assessment mechanisms to drive technological transformation. Based on these findings, the study proposes actionable recommendations for improving China’s science and technology project evaluation system: optimizing evaluation indicator systems to enhance scientific rigor, utilizing big data for precise expert matching to improve peer review quality, and advancing the development of an internationalized evaluation management framework to eliminate regional constraints.

Research on Motivation and Timing of the Establishment of Early Industrial Laboratories in USA

SUN Peng

2025, 47(S2):  52-70.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.06.101

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The study of the development history of industrial laboratory has important reference significance for the development of new quality productivity in China. This paper selects representative industrial laboratories such as General Electric Research Laboratory, Bell Labs, General Motors Research Corporation, Du Pont’s Eastern Laboratory and Experimental Station, and IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center in the United States to carry out a systematic investigation and analysis on the motivation and timing of their establishment. In terms of the motivation for the establishment of the industrial laboratory, one is that the companies feared the antitrust prosecution by the US government, thus facing the risk of being split up or having its market position weakened, but according to the “Rule of Reason” of the US Supreme Court, the public interest brought by research can be regarded as exceeding anti-competitive harm they brought; the other is the recognition and firm support of the scientific strategy by the founder and top management of the company. In terms of the timing of establishment, enterprises have all set up small-scale research and development working groups before establishing formal large-scale industrial laboratories, and these groups effectively demonstrated the supporting role of research in the enterprise’s products and markets, proving the value of science in the future development of the enterprise; and at the same time enterprises have recruited research directors who possess both scientific research capabilities and engineering implementation capabilities. Eventually, largescale industrial laboratories were successfully established when the time was ripe.

Research on the Characteristics and Evolution of China’s Metaverse Industry Collaborative Innovation Network Based on Patent Cooperation

GU Xingchi, LIU Yun

2025, 47(S2):  71-82.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.04.101

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The metaverse is a future industry with a new generation of information technology integrated applications such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and virtual reality, and its development is highly dependent on cross-domain technology collaborative innovation. From the perspective of patent cooperation, this paper employs multilayer social network analysis to investigate the structural and evolutionary characteristics China’s Metaverse industry collaborative innovation network. The study reveals that the overall scale of China’s metaverse industry collaborative innovation network continues to expand, and the collaborative innovation efficiency continues to be optimized, but the network density and clustering coefficient show a downward trend, and cross-domain integrated innovation is insufficient. Enterprises emerge as core actors in Metaverse innovation collaboration, while universities and research institutes play significant coordinating roles. Accordingly, this paper proposes policy recommendations including strengthening integrated innovation, promoting cross-industry convergence of core technologies, leveraging institutional advantages to build industry-academia-research innovation consortia, and enhancing small and medium-sized enterprises innovation capabilities to foster an integrated ecosystem. These suggestions aim to provide theoretical support for technological integration and ecological optimization in the Metaverse industry.

Research Hotspots and Prospects of China’s Civil-military Integration Innovation

WANG Pingping

2025, 47(S2):  83-90.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.06.102

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In order to further promote the implementation of the two major development strategies of national civil-military integration and innovation-driven, and accurately grasp the hot spots and development trend of civil-military integration innovation, this paper combines CiteSpace and bibliometrics to conduct quantitative analysis of the civil-military integration innovation literature published in peking university core journals and CSSCI journals included in CNKI, and explore ralated hot topics and frontier trends. The research finds that civil-military integration innovation research has strong policy orientation, with the research field mainly in the field of economic management, the core research team has been initially formed, and cross-institutional cooperation still needs to be strengthened; research hotspots evolve with the development of civil-military integration innovation policies. Combining with the practical characteristics of the in-depth development of civil-military integration innovation, this paper proposes the evolution direction of China’s civil-military integration innovation research: at the micro level, the evolutionary game and simulation methods are used to focus on the inter-enterprise collaborative mechanism and technological innovation path; at the meso-level, from the perspective of network ecology and technology industry, we should pay attention to regional coordinated development and innovation ecological construction; at the macro level, we implement the requirements of in-depth development of civil-military integration and the requirements of new quality productivity, and emphasize the role of policy-driven and strategic leadership.

International Comparison and Optimization Strategy on the Advanced materials Standard System

LIU Jia, WANG Hui, ZHONG Yongheng, HE Huili, SUN Yuan, LI Zhenzhen, ZHANG Mengmeng, TAN Simin, LIU Xiaotong

2025, 47(S2):  91-102.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.10.101

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The study selected eight organizations with extensive authority and profound influence at home and abroad as objects. These included International Organization for Standardization, International Electrotechnical Commission, International Telecommunication Union, American Society for Testing and Materials, European Committee for Standardization, Deutsches Institut fur Normung, British Standards Institution, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. A total of 702 technical committees responsible for advanced materials standardization were reviewed, and 112400 advanced materials standards were collected. The datasets were categorized into seven specialized fields, such as advanced metallic materials, advanced inorganic materials, polymeric materials, electronic component materials, new energy materials, biomedical materials, and green and environmentally friendly materials. Using this dataset,a comparative analysis of the distribution characteristics of advanced materials standards among the eight standard organizations was conducted. The analysis revealed both the strengths and the weaknesses in the standardization landscape for China’s advanced materials industry. Finally, recommendations were made to lead standardization activities in proprietary fields, accelerate the adoption of international standards, align with international standard organizations, and promote mutual recognition and referencing of standards.

Research on the Development Strategy of New Energy Motorcycle Industry in Chongqing Based on Technology Roadmap

ZHANG Lingkai, GUO Wenjuan, WANG Cheng, WANG Bo, YE Mao

2025, 47(S2):  103-116.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.09.101

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In order to promote the green transformation and upgrading of Chongqing’s motorcycle industry and accurately assess the future development trends and paths of the new energy motorcycle industry, this article employs research methods such as the Delphi method, brainstorming, and patent metrics to construct a technical roadmap analysis framework that includes four levels: market demand, industry goals, technical barriers, and R&D requirements. With time nodes set for short-term (≤3 years),mid-term (4~7 years),and long-term (≥8 years),a technical roadmap for the new energy motorcycle industry in Chongqing has been drawn. The research findings indicate that the core market demands for each period are:“Developing high-efficiency motors (near, mid and long term)”,“R&D of highenergy density batteries (short-term)”,“Highly integrated power systems (short-term)”,“Improving driving range (short-term)”,and “Perfecting the independent R&D system (mid-term)”.The industry goals show phase-specific characteristics, with short-term focus on policy support and standard establishment, mid-term on training intelligent talents and enhancing R&D capabilities, and long-term on cultivating leading enterprises and producing high-value-added products. In terms of technical barriers, breakthroughs are needed in battery management systems and electric drive optimization technology in the short term, focusing on intelligence and fast-charging technology in the mid-term, and tackling green and sustainable technologies in the long term. Through correlation analysis, the research clarifies R&D priorities for each period and proposes strategic recommendations such as collaborative efforts between industry, academia, and research institutions, improving industrial chain support, and strengthening brand building.

Research on the Strategic Path and Implementation Strategies for the Digital Transformation of Xinjiang’s Herbal Tea Industry

SUN Wei, YANG Hong, LI Xiaoyu

2025, 47(S2):  117-125.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2025.09.102

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The herbal tea industry in Xinjiang leverages unique geographical and climatic conditions, boasting over 120 types of medicinal and edible raw materials such as Apocynum (rosemary) and snow chrysanthemum. However, its development is constrained by extensive cultivation practices, outdated processing technologies, and limited market reach. Through field research and comparative industry analysis, this study reveals that the industry is characterized by small scale yet rapid growth, a low proportion of deep processing, and insufficient penetration of online sales channels. A SWOT analysis indicates that while the industry’s transformation benefits from resource advantages and policy support, it faces challenges related to technological, financial, and talent shortages, alongside risks such as data security concerns and a lack of standardized systems. Based on these findings, a transformation framework of “Technology Empowerment-Ecological Collaboration-Market Restructuring” is proposed. This includes implementing a full-chain transformation path: establishing smart agricultural systems in the cultivation phase, advancing intelligent production and standard upgrades in processing, and expanding digital marketing channels in sales. The study concludes with technical, financial, and policy recommendations to support this transition, offering insights for upgrading characteristic industries in frontier regions.