Abstract: This paper explores the critical role of research assessment system reform in fostering a healthy research ecosystem and proposes a researchecologyoriented path for reforming the research assessment system. The article first analyzes the urgent need for a robust research ecosystem in building a science and technology power, emphasizing that reforming the research assessment system is a key prerequisite for creating such an ecosystem. Research assessment reform should return to the essence of scientific research, constructing a modern assessment system that aligns with research norms, stimulates innovation, and serves national strategic goals. Subsequently, the article delves into the deepseated issues within China’s research assessment system, including the indicator distortion during process of shifting from “breaking the four sole criteria” to “establishing new benchmarks”, systemic flaws in the underlying logic of assessment, and the inadequacy of assessment systems in meeting international competition demands. Building on this analysis, the article proposes four pathways for reforming the research assessment system: strengthening the theoretical and methodological foundations of research assessment, clarifying the internal logic of the assessment system, exploring a contributionoriented assessment system that focuses on the impact on the innovation system, and establishing a robust data infrastructure and institutional framework.

Key words: Research Assessment; Research Ecosystem; Science and Technology Power; Breaking the Four Sole Criteria; Science and Technology Innovation; Institutional Framework