Abstract: High-end scientific instruments serve as the foundational infrastructure for exploring the unknown, fostering interdisciplinary integration, and supporting high-quality scientific and technological innovation. They provide scientists with the “vision” and “capability” to investigate scientific frontiers and achieve major breakthroughs. The deep integration of artificial intelligence with high-end scientific instruments will expand and even reshape the application paradigms of these instruments, inevitably driving the leapfrog transition of Artificial Intelligence for Science (AI4S).

Key words: Artificial Intelligence; Scientific Instruments; AI4S; Scientific and Technological Innovation