Abstract: The Large Language Models represented by ChatGPT have brought breakthrough progress in artificial intelligence(AI),and scientists are actively exploring the application prospects of artificial intelligence in scientific research, this has led scientific research from experimental paradigm, theoretical paradigm, computational paradigm, data-driven paradigm, to the fifth paradigm of AI for Science (AI4S).This article analyzes the current progress of paradigm shift in scientific research and finds that various research paradigms inherit and develop from each other, and infiltrate, intersect, and integrate with each other in practice. Artificial intelligence has brought significant changes to the current research paradigm in terms of thinking patterns, research models, organizational models, and research decision-making, presenting new features such as complex systemic thinking, platform-based research, open and shared organizational models, and human-machine collaborative decision-making models. Based on the current background of scientific research transformation, this article proposes corresponding suggestions and countermeasures from the dimensions of cultivating versatile talents, expanding application scenarios, and improving the technological ecosystem, data security and sharing, in order to better play the important role of artificial intelligence in the field of scientific research.

Key words: Artificial Intelligence; Research Paradigm; Transformation; Characteristics