Abstract: As a disruptive technological innovation, the development and application of artificial intelligence (AI) has transcended the purely technical domain and become a critical factor in global political and economic competition. To adapt to the systemic transformations brought about by global AI development, the Japanese government has formulated a systematic national-level AI strategy. Drawing on the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, this study examines the multidimensional components of Japan’s AI strategy. The findings reveal that, in the technological dimension, the promotion of AI infrastructure construction and application development in both hardware and software constitutes its foundational content; in the organizational dimension, the continuous adjustment of domestic decision-making mechanisms and the resource complementarity achieved through international collaboration form its extension content; in the environmental dimension, agile governance of technological ethics and the effective improvement of societal perceptions represent its perfection content. Based on an analysis of Japan’s mature practices and limitations, and in light of China’s Opinions of the State Council on Deepening the Implementation of the “AI+” Initiative issued in 2025, this study suggests that China’s AI strategy and its implementation path can be optimized through synchronous advances in hardware and software, strengthened coordination mechanisms, and enhanced governance effectiveness.

Key words: Artificial Intelligence; Digital Policy; Global Governance; Digital Society; Technical Ethics