Abstract: The U. S. National Laboratories are committed to major strategic scientific research projects, have world-class scientific research facilities, and have achieved world-leading breakthrough results. The U. S. National Laboratory has a complete legal foundation and implements the external management system of “Congress-funding unit-trusteeship-national laboratory”, which mainly adopts the direct management or contract management mode of the government, and its internal operation implements the director responsibility system. More than 90% of the funding comes from the federal government, and has established a scientific research fund supervision system with clear responsibilities, a multi-dimensional performance appraisal system and a multi-level achievement transformation platform, and clarified the ownership rules of scientific research results and various types of cooperative research and development agreements through a series of laws and policies. These development experiences in terms of legal foundation, external management system, internal operation mechanism, funding sources, achievement transformation, and talent training have reference significance for the construction of national laboratories in our country, which is still in its infancy.